Phymatocera satoi Hara, 2025

Phymatocera satoi Hara , sp. nov.

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( Figs 2F View FIGURE 2 , 5A View FIGURE 5 , 6A, E View FIGURE 6 , 9D, G View FIGURE 9 , 11B, E, H View FIGURE 11 , 16 View FIGURE 16 )

Description: Female and male. Length 8.3–9.5 mm in female ( 8.3 mm in holotype) ( Fig. 16A, B View FIGURE 16 ), 6.5–9.0 mm in male ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ). Black. Fore leg with apex of femur and tibia dark yellowish brown anteriorly. Wings dark blackish transparent. Setae dark brown.

OOL:POL 1.2–1.4:1.0 in female, 1.1–1.3:1.0 in male. Postocellar area with lateral furrow elongated. Interocellar furrow indistinct or shallow. Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.2–1.3 × eye height in female and male. Frontal area very shallowly concave just before median ocellus, with lateral ridge indistinct or slightly developed. Hind orbit distinctly furrowed except for ventral third, with membranous-bottom pit at ventral end of furrow ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ). Antenna with length 2.5–2.6 × head width in female, 3.3–3.6 × in male ( Fig. 16A, C View FIGURE 16 ). In female antenna, flagellum not compressed; flagellomeres scarcely bulging at apices ( Figs 9G View FIGURE 9 , 16A, B View FIGURE 16 ); setae slanted toward apex of antenna, slightly shorter than middle width of flagellomere 1; flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.73–0.80 × eye height, 3.6–4.7 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.1–1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 4.5–6.1 × breadth in lateral view. In male, flagellum somewhat compressed from both sides, and basal and middle flagellomeres slightly bulging at apices ( Figs 8F View FIGURE 8 , 16C View FIGURE 16 ); setae of flagellum, except for dorsal setae, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view; setae on dorsal side slanted toward apex of antenna, and setae on other sides almost erect; flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.81–0.96 × eye height, 3.5–4.0 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.3–1.4 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 7.8–8.5 × breadth in lateral view.

Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellum densely covered with setae; setae on metascutellum sometimes sparser than those of mesoscutellum. Mesepisternum with anterior marginal ridge; epicnemium distinctly raised, and glabrous but sometimes with setae in anterior or middle part; epicnemial groove distinct, sometimes indistinct near middle. Mesepisternum with setae dense, ventrally very sparse, without setae anteriorly and ventrolaterally. Anepimeron without membranous part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts indistinct; setae present on and near posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.6–0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ), 0.3–0.5 × in male. Tarsal claws with large inner tooth ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ); distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth. In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2A+3A bifurcate, with anterior branch separated from vein 1A and often faint; cell 2Rs shorter than cells 1R1 and 1Rs combined in posterior length ( Figs 11B View FIGURE 11 , 16A, C View FIGURE 16 ); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs near or at junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m.

Abdomen microsculptured and mat, but with basal one to three terga widely smooth or slightly microsculptured and distinctly or slightly shiny ( Fig. 16A, C View FIGURE 16 ). In female abdomen, ovipositor sheath 0.84–0.92 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 posteriorly extending to near apex of tergum 10 or slightly beyond it ( Fig. 16E View FIGURE 16 ), in lateral view with apex narrowly rounded or nearly pointed, dorsal edge straight and ventral edge rounded. Lance with basal one to five sutures winding ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ); first (most basal) annulus very slightly broadening dorsally. Lancet almost straight, with dorsal edge slightly rounded, with 20–23 annuli; first ctenidium short dorsal band; second ctenidium short dorsal band or divided into short dorsal band and very small ventral part; third ctenidia slightly or distinctly weakened in middle; apical several ctenidia dorsally slightly apart from olistheter ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); serrulae, except for some basal and apical ones, each anteriorly with tubercle ( Figs 11H View FIGURE 11 , 16G, H View FIGURE 16 ); middle serrulae (= fifth to ninth or 11th serrulae from base = 12th to 16th or 18th from apex) each with 13–22 denticles ( Figs 11H View FIGURE 11 ); apical eight to 11 serrulae almost flat; apical nine to 14 serrulae with denticles lining up without gaps; marginal sensilla long funnel-shaped, and extending near to serrulae ( Figs 11H View FIGURE 11 , 16H View FIGURE 16 ), except those of several basal annuli far apart from serrulae and pore-shaped or short tubular ( Fig. 16G View FIGURE 16 ). In male genitalia ( Figs 11E View FIGURE 11 , 16I, J View FIGURE 16 ), parapenis extremely deformed, divided into lateral and basal sclerites (for these sclerites, see also Fig. 2N View FIGURE 2 ), without setae; lateral sclerite located laterally to penis valve, and basal sclerite completely fused with opposite basal sclerite apically, markedly projecting and rounded apically; digitus of volsella shorter than harpe. In penis valve, valviceps about as long as valvura, apically with narrow dorsal lobe ( Fig. 16K View FIGURE 16 ).

Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “Obuse, Nagano-Ken, 15-V-1932, coll. K. Sato ”, “sp. No. 572” and “ K. Sato Collection, 1975” ( Figs 9G View FIGURE 9 , 11B View FIGURE 11 , 16A, B, D–F, H View FIGURE 16 ) ( NSMT). --- Paratypes: 1♀ 14♂, same data as holotype, but 5. V. 1932 ( Fig. 16I–K View FIGURE 16 ) ( NSMT) ; 3♀ 7♂, same data as holotype ( Figs 11E, H View FIGURE 11 , 16C View FIGURE 16 ) ( NSMT) ; 3♀ 3♂, Japan, Honshu , Saitama Pref., “Tajimagahara, Urawa”, 21. IV. 1998, T. Nambu ( Figs 2F View FIGURE 2 , 5A View FIGURE 5 , 6A, E View FIGURE 6 , 9D View FIGURE 9 , 16G View FIGURE 16 ) ( NSMT) ; 1♂, same data but, 25. IV. 2000 ( NSMT) .

Etymology. This new species is named after Kaku Sato who collected the holotype and many of the paratypes of this species. He distinguished specimens of this species from those of P. nipponica by labelling them with different species numbers.

Distribution. Japan: Honshu.

Host plant. Unknown.

Remarks. This new species is easily distinguished from the other nine species of the P. aterrima group by cell 2Rs shorter than cells 1R1 and 1Rs combined and the junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located near or at the junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m in the fore wing ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 ). This species also has the following characters: Frontal area with lateral ridge indistinct or slightly developed; setae on flagellum longer than 1/2 middle width of flagellum 1 in female, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellum 1 in male; epicnemium entirely glabrous, sometimes with setae in middle or anterior part; in hind tarsus, length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.6–0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female; tarsal claws with inner tooth large and distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ); dorsum of abdomen basally distinctly or slightly shiny ( Fig. 16A, C View FIGURE 16 ); valvula 3 in lateral view with dorsal margin straight ( Fig. 16E View FIGURE 16 ); lancet almost straight, with 20–23 annuli ( Fig. 16F, H View FIGURE 16 ); first to second or third ctenidia reduced; marginal sensilla of middle annuli funnel-shaped and extending to near serrulae ( Figs 11H View FIGURE 11 ); basal sclerites of parapenises markedly projecting posteriorly with round apex and glabrous ( Figs 11D View FIGURE 11 , 16J View FIGURE 16 ); in penis valve, valviceps about as long as valvula, with narrow dorsolateral lobe at apex ( Fig. 16I–K View FIGURE 16 ).

Species group of Phymatocera fumipennis

Description. Genal orbit without pit ( Figs 8C View FIGURE 8 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ). Malar space facing almost laterally ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ), 0.3–0.8 × as broad as median ocellus width. Antenna with length 1.8–2.4 × head width in female, 2.1–3.2 × in male ( Figs 17A, C View FIGURE 17 , 18A, C, D View FIGURE 18 ); flagellum with setae short and uniform in length, as long as or shorter than 1/2 middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view in female and male ( Fig. 9E, F, I, J View FIGURE 9 ); flagellomere 2 dorsal length 0.7–1.1 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length in female ( Fig. 10E, G View FIGURE 10 ), 0.9–1.2 × in male ( Fig. 10F, H View FIGURE 10 ). Mesoscutellar appendage 0.23–0.29 × as long as mesoscutellum ( Figs 2A View FIGURE 2 , 17E View FIGURE 17 ). Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.3 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female and male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth large or small ( Figs 17F, G View FIGURE 17 , 18E, F View FIGURE 18 ; figs 260, 261 in Goulet 1992). Dorsal membranous area of abdominal segment 1 bell shaped or almost triangular, with middle width about 0.4–1.0 × length ( Figs 17E View FIGURE 17 , 18G View FIGURE 18 ; fig. 273 in Goulet 1992).

Remarks. No apomorphic characters have been found to suggest the monophyly of this group. Goulet (1981) considered an asymmetrical expansion of the apex of a pedicel to be a synapomorphy in Nearctic Phymatocera species, all of which belong to the P. fumipennis group. However, this character is found in P. aterrima group (compare Fig. 9E, F, I, J View FIGURE 9 with Fig. 9G, H, K, L View FIGURE 9 ).

Species included. This species group includes five Nearctic species (see Smith 1969, Goulet 1981) and the following two East Palearctic species: P. fuscata ( Togashi, 1984) comb. nov. from Japan (Honshu); P. peregrinator (Malaise, 1931) comb. nov. from Japan ( Hokkaido, Honshu) and Russia ( Kamchatka).