Rhysipolinae Belokobylskij, 1984

Subfamily Rhysipolinae Belokobylskij, 1984

Diagnosis.

Head with subcircular or weakly oval hypoclypeal cavity; occipital carina usually present (except Allobracon ), complete, not joining hypostomal carina ventrally, distinctly removed from it and separately reaching lower margin of head capsule near mandible, or sometimes incomplete ventrally; postgenal bridge always absent; maxillary palpus 6 - segmented, labial palpus 4 - segmented, third segment of labial palpus never shortened. Antenna often setiform, sometimes curled into ring apically in dried specimens; first flagellar segment not shorter than second segment. Mesosoma: notauli on mesoscutum complete or often absent in posterior half of mesoscutum, usually without longitudinal furrow medio-posteriorly; prepectal carina and precoxal sulcus present and distinct, but sometimes some of these structures absent ( Allobracon and Parachremylus ); propodeum often without areola, but sometimes with mid-longitudinal carina or with relatively several distinct areas (at least posteriorly) delineated by rather distinct carinae. Fore wing with marginal cell always closed distally, usually not shortened and reaching wing apex. Vein m-cu usually antefurcal to vein 2 - SR; veins 2 SR and r-m present; discal cell petiolate anteriorly; second subbasal cell always closed distally by vein CU 1 b; vein CU 1 a never interstitial; vein a always absent. Hind wing with three hamuli; vein m-cu usually present, but sometimes short, or absent; vein cu-a always present and closing subbasal cell. Subbasal cell medium-sized or short. Fore tibia without spines; hind coxa suboval, without basoventral corner and tubercle; hind femur long and narrow; claws simple and small. First metasomal tergum always with dorsope, though sometimes small; acrosternite (basal sternal plate) of first segment predominantly short, rarely ( Cantharoctonus ) elongated; dorsal carinae usually distinct at least in basal half, fused or not fused subbasally. Following terga usually relatively soft, mainly smooth, but sometimes second and third terga rather distinctly sclerotised, shagreened, granulate or even partly striate ( Afrorhysipolis , Rogapolis and Pseudorhysipolis ); laterotergites of second tergum often not separated, but usually with inflection and crease; spiracles of second and third terga situated dorso-laterally, slightly above crease; suture between second and third terga usually present, distinct, or almost indistinct. Ovipositor short, distinctly shorter than metasoma, usually slightly widened subapically, with dorsal node, often without serration ventro-apically.

Included genera.

Afrorhysipolis , Allobracon , Cantharoctonus , Pachystigmus (= Pseudavga , Noserus ), Parachremylus , Pseudorhysipolis , Rhysipolis (= Cerophanes ), Rogapolis , Troporhysipolis (Table 2 View Table 2 ).

Comments.

The genus Neoavga Belokobylskij, 1989 was originally included within Hormiinae ( Hormiini ; Belokobylskij 1989) and it was subsequently transferred to Rhysipolinae ( van Achterberg 1995; Yu et al. 2016), though Wharton (1993) previously suggested that this genus belonged to Exothecini. More recently, in the redefinition of the Mesostoinae ( Shimbori et al. 2017), Neoavga was proposed to belong to this subfamily mainly based on the presence of the crossvein a in the fore wing, and the epicnemial carina present only laterally and absent ventrally. This placement was later confirmed by Quicke et al. (2020) in a molecular phylogenetic study that focused on the cyclostome braconid subfamilies.