Sabdariffa furcellata (Desr.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett, 2025

Sabdariffa furcellata (Desr.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett View in CoL , comb. nov.

( Fig. 16 e, f View Fig .)

Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. in Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 358 (1789); Furcaria furcellata (Desr.) Ulbr. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Afrikas 3(2): 400 (1921). Type citation: ‘croit dans la Guiane, & nous a été communiquée par M.

Stoupy …’. ‘35. H. furcellatus Desrousseaux Lam. diet.’ Type: French Guyana, s. dat., D. Stoupy s.n. (holo: P-LA 00287577).

Hibiscus diodon DC., Prodr. 1: 449 (1824); Hibiscus furcellatus var. diodon (DC.) Uittien in A. Pulle, Fl. Suriname 3: 21 (1932). Type citation: ‘Cayenna’. Type: French Guyana: Cayenne, 1821, G.S.Perrottet 55 (syn: G-DC 00218939, G-DC 00218940).

Hibiscus youngianus Gaud., Voy. Uranie 91 (1827) (as ‘ youngiana ’), nom. inval., nom. nud.

Hibiscus trilobatus Vell., Fl. Flumin. 281, n° 2 (1825 [1829]). Type citation: ‘silvis maritimis Regii Proedii S.Crucis, ad loca humentia Floret Nov.’. Type: (lecto: original parchment Plate of Florae Fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro [catalogue number mss1198656_033], later published in J.V.de M.Vellozo, Fl. Flumin.: Icon . 7: t. 29 (1831) [BHL], designated by Coutinho et al., Brittonia 77(1) (2025).

Hibiscus youngianus Gaud. ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 79 (1832); Hibiscus furcellatus var. youngianus (Gaud. ex Hook. & Arn.) Hochr., Annuaire Cons. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 107 (1900). Type: United States of America: Hawaii: Oahu , s. dat., F.W. Beechey s.n. (syn: K 000659885 ); Hawaii: Oahu , May 1825, J . Macrae s.n. (syn: K 000659884 ); Hawaii: C . Gaudichaud 279 (syn: P 00646428 (2 sheets); P 00646427 ) .

Hibiscus corylifolius C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 133 (1835). Type citation: ‘ Habitat in Guayaquil. ’ Type: Ecuador: Guayaquil, [locality possibly incorrect], s. dat., T. Haenke s.n. (syn: PR (2 sheets)).

Hibiscus tomentosus A.Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico 2: 92 (1884), nom. illeg., non Mill. (1768), nec Kuntze (1891), nom. illeg. Type: Stahl’s watercolour 371, deposited at Sala Manuel María Sama y Auger-Colección Puertorriqueña, General Library, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus (lecto, designated by P.Acevedo-Rodríguez, Caribbean J. Sci . 43(2): 194, fig. 3 (2007) [URL]. Residual syn: all Puerto Rico, s. dat., A.Stahl 46 (B, destroyed); ibid., A.Stahl 76 (B, destroyed); ibid., A.Stahl 150 (B, destroyed).

Hibiscus fraternus Sessé & Mociño, Fl. Mex. ed. 2; 159 (1894), non L. (1775). Type: Mexico: In agris de Toa Alta, s. dat., M . Sessé & J. M . Mociño 3539 (?syn: MA 602616 ); ‘ Novae Hispaniiae’, s. dat., M . Sessé & J. M . Mociño 3545bis (?syn: MA 602611 [photo at F]) .

Hibiscus furcellatus var. subpalmatus Hochr., Annuaire Cons. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 107 (1900). Type: Guyane Française [ French Guiana]: 1802, A. Gabriel s.n. (lecto, designated by A.Krapovickas & Fryxell, Bonplandia View in CoL 13: 71 (2004): G 00406219 [photo at F]).

Hibiscus dominicus Hochr. View in CoL in R.H. Chodat & E. Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 300 (1905); Hibiscus furcellatus var. dominicus (Hochr.) Hassler, Fedde Rep. View in CoL 7: 379 (1909). Type citation: ‘ Ypacarai , Oct., n. 3364.’ Type: Paraguay: Ad ripam lacus Ypacarai [near Asuncion], Nov. 1898 –1899, É. Hassler 3364 (lecto [mounted on 2 sheets], here designated: G 00381130 ; isolecto: G 00381131 , GH 00052823 , K 000535441 , MPU 016513 About MPU , P 02285906 , P 02285907 , UC 941248 , W 1902-0002325 ).

Hibiscus furcellatus var. azuensis Urb. & Helwig, Repert. View in CoL Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 236 (1928). Type: Dominican Republic: Hispaniola Island , Azua, Cordillera Central, Loma de Ravine – Pale, on the road from Las Lagunis to Guayajayuco, 18 June 1926, E. L.Ekman H 6412 (syn: S-R-2872, US 00098087) .

Hibiscus furcellatus var. afurca Uittien View in CoL in A. Pulle, Fl. Suriname 3: 21 (1932). Type: Suriname : Maratacca R ., savannah of Saparra, [c. 1925], B . W . [Bureau v.h. Boschwezen] 894 (syn: [? B or F] n.v.); Suriname : without locality, [c. 1925], B . W . [Bureau v.h. Boschwezen] 270 (syn: [? B or F] n.v.) .

Descriptions and illustrations

Gaudichaud (1827, p. 91); Presl (1835, p. 133); Stahl (1884, p. 92); Sessé y Lacasta and Mociño (1894, p. 159); Hochreutiner (1900, p. 107); Chodat and Hassler (1905, p. 300); Hassler (1909, p. 379); Williams and Cheeseman (1929, p. 88); Uittien (1932, pp. 20–21); Macbride (1956, pp. 471–472); León and Alain (1957, p. 254); Roe (1961, pp. 6–8, fig. 1, 2); Wilson and Menzel (1964, p. 86, fig. 13, 27); Bates (1965 a, p. 79, fig.); Liogier (1981, p. 93); Fryxell (1988, p. 209); Bates (1990, p. 885, pl. 124); Edmonds (1991, fig. 1(13); 2(27)); Fryxell (1992 b, pp. 104–106); Wilson (1993, pp. 279–280); Fryxell (2000, p. 15); Krapovickas and Fryxell (2004, pp. 71–76); Areces Berazaín (2006, pp. 29–30, fig. 1b, 2d–f, 3c, 4c, h); Rigueiral et al. (2019, pp. 9–10, fig. 1k–l); Coutinho and Fernandes-Júnior (2024).

Typification

No specimens have been traced for Hibiscus trilobatus Vell. but the original illustration (published 2 years after the protologue but available to Vellozo at the time of publication) has been considered original material. The original artwork for this figure has been designated as lectotype of the name by Coutinho et al. (2025) and can be viewed through the website of the Biblioteca Nacional (http:// bndigital.bn.br/acervodigital; see also Knapp et al. 2015).

Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005) discusses the work of Augustín Stahl in illustrating the flora of Pueto Rico. Acevedo-Rodríguez (2007) formally designated a lectotype for Hibiscus tomentosus A.Stahl based on an original watercolour by Stahl.

We here designate G 00381130 [mounted on 2 sheets] as the lectotype of H. dominicus as this has an original determination as ‘ Hibiscus dominicus sp. nov. ’ by Hochreutiner and the material is from Chodat’s herbarium (see Chodat and Hassler 1905).

Notes

Hibiscus furcellatus var. azuensis ( Urban and Helwig 1928, p. 236) View in CoL was accepted by Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) based on a passing reference in Liogier (1981, p. 93) but Liogier (1981) noted that the variety has only been described, not accepted. We consider the variety to be best included as a synonym of S. furcellata View in CoL .

Distribution

Widespread in the Americas south from Florida ( USA) and Mexico, in NE Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba , Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Florida ( USA), French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawai’i ( USA), Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and the Windward Islands.