Sabdariffa radiata (Cav.) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes, 2025

Sabdariffa radiata (Cav.) R.L.Barrett & M.M.Hanes View in CoL , comb. nov.

( Fig. 5 View Fig , 25 a, b View Fig .)

Hibiscus radiatus Cav., Diss. 3: 150, t. 54, fig. 2 (1787); Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. View in CoL Flora 5: 1836 (1857), nom. illeg.; Hibiscus cannabinus var. radiatus (Cav.) Chiov., Atti Ist Bot. Univ. Pavia View in CoL ser. 4, 7: 125–126 (1936). Type: Cultivated, France: Paris, from seeds provided by Banks, 1786, A.J. Cavanilles s.n. (lecto, designated by J. van Borssum Waalkes , Blumea 14(1): 60 (1966, as ‘holotype’): P-JU 12373; isolecto: LECB 0002047, MA 475810).

Hibiscus unidens Lindl. , Edward’s Bot . Reg. 11: t. 878 (1825). Hibiscus cannabinus var. unidens (Lindl.) Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 115 (1900). Type citation: ‘Raised at Mr Colvill’s nursery, from Brazilian seed.’ [mid 1824]. Type: ‘ Hibiscus unidens’ in Bot . Reg. 11: tab. 878 [BHL].

Hibiscus lindleyi Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. View in CoL 1: 4, t. 4 (1830); Hibiscus radiatus var. lindleyi (Wall.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt View in CoL 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 110 (1874). Type: Burma [ Myanmar]: Segaing on Mt Taung Dong, N.Wallich 1895-1 (lecto, designated by J. van Borssum Waalkes , Blumea View in CoL 14(1): 60 (1966): K-W 001114620; isolecto: G, G, K 000659786, K 001114617; NY 221751).

Hibiscus varians Splitg. ex de Vriese View in CoL , Nederi . Kruidk. Arch. 1: 338 (1848). Type: Suriname: near Paramaribo, May 1838, F.L. Splitgerber 983 (holo: L 2358281 ) .

Hibiscus heptaphyllus Dalzell & A.Gibson View in CoL , Bombay Fl. 20–21 (1861). Type citation: ‘ Mountain valleys, eastern side of the northern Ghauts. ’ (?K, n.v.).

Canhamo braziliensis Perini, Prosp. Expl. Notice Cult. Canh. Braz. 1, plate after title page; fig. 7–12 after page 4; fig. 406 after page 6; fig. after page 8; fig. 4 after page 10; plate after page 12, plate after page 13 (1905); Pavonia perinii Perini, Prosp. Expl. Notice Cult. Canh. Braz. 5 (1905), nom alt. Type:?K, n.v.

Descriptions and illustrations

Cavanilles (1787, p. 150, t. 54, fig. 2); Lindley (1825, p. t. 878); Wallich (1830, p. 4, t. 4); Roxburgh (1832, p. 209); de Vriese (1848, p. 338); Hooker (1859, t. 5098); Dalzell and Gibson (1861, pp. 20–21); Kurz (1874, p. 110); Masters (1874, p. 335); Cooke (1901, p. 106); de Perini (1905); Uittien (1932, p. 22); Chiovenda (1936, pp. 125–126); Bates (1965 a, p. 79, fig. 19 & 23C); Borssum Waalkes (1966, pp. 60–61); Fryxell (1988, pp. 221–222); Edmonds (1991, fig. 1(4); 2(19); Fryxell (1992 b, p. 114); Paul and Nayar (1988, pp. 146–147, fig. 30); Paul (1993, p. 327, fig. 90); Sivarajan and Pradeep (1996, pp. 113–1104, fig. 39); Wilson (1999, p. 59); Fryxell (2000, p. 14); Krapovickas and Fryxell (2004, pp. 44–48); Fayaz (2011, p. 510, fig.).

Notes

Canhamo braziliensis Perini has been placed under either Hibiscus cannabinus (e.g. Krapovickas and Fryxell 2004) or

H. radiatus View in CoL (e.g. POWO, see https://powo.science.kew.org/). Hillier (1907, p. 338) assigned the name to ‘ Hibiscus radiatus, Sims View in CoL , not of Benth., doubtfully of Cav.’ based on specimens received at K in April 1907, directly linked to de Perini’s fibre plant. These specimens have not been traced but are likely to be extant at K. Careful examination of the figures included with the protologue suggests that calyx glands are absent, and the leaf lobes are also arranged on one side of the petiole (i.e. spanning ≤180°) and prominently toothed, all characters consistent with S. radiata View in CoL , therefore we agree with inclusion under this species. A postscript by J. Knight notes that the ‘botanical details’ originally provided in manuscript form were omitted from the final publication ( de Perini 1905, [p. 14]) and this has not assisted taxonomic determination of the entity described. De Pereni’s plant is likely identical to the earlier described Hibiscus unidens View in CoL , also named from material sourced in Brazil.

Distribution

Considered native to India and Myanmar.

Commonly cultivated and often naturalised in NE Argentina, Bangladesh, SE Brazil, Central African Republic, Colombia, Cuba , Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Galápagos ( Ecuador), Honduras, Laos, Leeward Islands, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, southern USA, Venezuela and the Windward Islands.