Serpocaulon × manizalense D.Sanín & Torrez
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914X685375 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97212914-FFF9-FF98-FFEF-FA8FE58CBB9B |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Serpocaulon × manizalense D.Sanín & Torrez |
status |
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Serpocaulon × manizalense D.Sanín & Torrez View in CoL , hybrid nov. — Fig. 3 View Fig , 4 View Fig
Hybrida inculta e Serpocaulon adnatum et S. levigatum genita, epiphytica et terrestrium; a S. semipinnatifidum differ rhizoma longe 5–5.5 mm (versus 1.7(–2.9–) 4.7 mm), lamina longe 25(–30–)33 per 8(–28–) 30 cm (versus 15(–24.7–)32 per 1.2(–4–)9) cm,areolis magis numerosis secus pinna basal 1–5 series (versus 1–3 series). — Type: Sanín et al. 2646 (holo FAUC; iso COL,HUA), Colombia, Caldas,Manizales,flanco occidental de la Cordillera Central, vía a Neira, cerca del Relleno Sanitario La Esmeralda, zona a la derecha que se pronostica conservar en la ampliación del Relleno [ N05° 04'49" W75°30'27"], 2200 m, 3 Nov. 2008.
Etymology. The new hybrid is named after the city of Manizales and its people.
Plants terrestrial and epiphytic. Rhizomes 5–5.5 mm diam, long-creeping, dark brown to reddish, faintly farinose. Phyllopodia 7–7.3 cm apart. Scales 1.3(–2–)2.5 by 0.8(–1–)2.0 mm, appressed, with rounded bases and rounded to acute apices, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, dispersed along the rhizome, dark brown at centre, clathrate, hyaline at the margin. Petioles 10–12.2 cm, articulate, subterete, 1/2 length of blade, stramineous. Laminae 25(–30–)33 by 8(–28–) 30 cm, simple with crenate margins to base and lanceolate shape or basally pinnate and ovate-lanceolate truncate shape, glabrous, rachis distally stramineous. Pinnae absent or up to 4 pairs, of irregular size, firm to coriaceous, proximally adnate, with 7 basal lobules that are attenuate, apex long-caudate to acute in the distal pinnae. Proximal pinnae 15.8–16.3 by 3.5–3.8 cm. Veins goniophlebioid, closed chevron-shape areoles 28–30 by 2–5 rows between the costae and pinna margins, with one included fertile veinlet or open, irregularly shaped with two included fertile veinlets. Laminar indument consisting of scales, 0.8–1 by 0.5–0.6 mm, acicular, bicolorous, to 9 cells wide. Sori in 1–5 rows between costae and margin. Spores 54.5–56.5 by 33.5–35.5 µm, well-formed, monolete, aperture 21.8–24.8 µm long, laesurae straight, ambit ellipsoid, plane-convex to concave-convex, ornamentation densely verrucate, verrucae 3–4 by 4.5–5.5 µm, regular in size and rounded, evenly dis- tributed, exospore 1–1.5 µm, perispore 1.3–1.5 µm, sulcate.
Distribution & Ecology — Serpocaulon × manizalense occurs on the western slope of the Central Andean Cordillera of Colombia, near Manizales on the road to Neira, in the locality of La Esmeralda landfill ( Fig. 5a View Fig , Map 1 View Map 1 ). It was found epiphytic on Rhus striata Ruíz & Pav. ( Anacardiaceae ) and terrestrial in secondary forests ( Fig. 5b View Fig ). In addition, the only Serpocaulon species found in the area were S. adnatum and S. levigatum . Serpocaulon × manizalense was collected fertile in November 2008, and also it was seen fertile in September 2013 from cultivated plants in the Caldas University Botanical Garden (JBOUC) ( Fig. 5c–e View Fig ).
Notes on related taxa — The characters of S. × manizalense that are crucial to distinguish it from S. semipinnatifidum are present in the rhizome, lamina, and spores ( Table 3). The rhizome in S. × manizalense is wider than in S. semipinnatifidum . The blade dissection in S. × manizalense is lobate to proximally pinnate ( Fig. 3 View Fig , 6 View Fig ), whereas S. semipinnatifidum is lobate to proximally pinnatisect ( Fig. 6 View Fig ). Frequently, the lamina length of S. × manizalense is larger than of S. semipinnatifidum ( Fig. 6 View Fig ). In addition, the species differ in the number of areoles between the costae and pinna margin, S. × manizalense has 1–5 areoles and S. semipinnatifidum has 1–3 areoles. The spores of S. × manizalense show a laesura in the perispore ( Fig. 4 View Fig ), while the spores of S. semipinnatifidum do not have a laesura in the perispore ( Ramírez-Valencia et al. 2013).
The most conspicuous intermediate characters between the putative parents and the new hybrid are the blade dissection and the number of pinnae in the lamina: pinnate with 4(–7–)10 pairs in S. adnatum , lobate to pinnate with up to 4 pinnae pairs in the hybrid, and a simple lamina in S. levigatum ( Fig. 6 View Fig ). The rhizome diameter of S. × manizalense is intermediate between S. adnatum and S. levigatum . Less conspicuous, but also intermediate were the colour and rhizome scales length. The rhizome scales in S. adnatum are dark brown to nearly black with 1–3 mm long ( Fig. 7 View Fig ), in S. levigatum are pale orange with 1–1.7 mm long ( Fig. 7 View Fig ), whereas in S. × manizalense are pale orange to brown with 1.3–2.5 mm long ( Fig. 7 View Fig ).
Conservation — IUCN Red List Category: Critically Endangered [CR B2a + D]. The EOO cannot be estimated for S. × manizalense because it is known from only one location. The AOO is 9 km 2, and it falls completely outside any protected and pristine area under the Colombian System of Protected Areas.
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