Sthenorytis spinosa ( Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840 )

Sthenorytis spinosa ( Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840)

Figs 44D–E View FIGURE 44

* Scalaria retusa Brocchi var. Spinosa View in CoL — Bellardi & Michelotti 1840: 70, pl. 6, figs 14–15.

Scalaria retusa Brocchi— Michelotti 1847: 160 (pars), pl. 6, fig. 11.

[ Scalaria retusa (Broc.) ] var. retuspina De Greg. — de Gregorio 1889: 10.

[ Scalaria View in CoL ] St [henorytis]. retuspina (De Greg.) — Sacco 1891: 35, pl. 1, figs 53a–b.

[ Scalaria View in CoL ] St [henorytis]. acutispina (Sacc.) — Sacco 1891: 36, pl. 1, figs 53a–b.

Sthenorytis cf. retusa (Br.) var. paucicostata Sacc.— Sacco 1904: 105 , pl. 23, fig. 19.

Scala (Sthenorytis) trochiformis (Brocchi) View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 24, pl. 2, fig. 16 [non Sthenorytis trochiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Scala (Sthenorytis) proglobosa (Sacco) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 24, pl. 2, fig. 20 [non Sthenorytis proglobosa Sacco, 1891 ].

Sthenorytis (Sthenorytis) retusa Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 176 (pars), pl. 1, figs 36–37, pl. 13, fig. 16 [non Sthenorytis retusa ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Sthenorytis retuspina ( De Gregorio, 1889) — Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 44.

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), BS.030.07.005, SL: 24 mm, MD: 21 mm, Stazzano ( Italy), illustrated in Sacco (1891: pl. 1, figs 53a–b). The holotype of Sthenorytis acutispina ( Sacco, 1891) was not listed by Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984) and might be lost.

Illustrated material. M.62.6660, SL: 23 mm, MD: 21 mm, Sámsonháza ( Hungary), illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954: pl. 2, fig. 16), Fig. 44D View FIGURE 44 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2. M View FIGURE 2 .61.4046, SL: 24 mm, MD: 23 mm, Sámsonháza ( Hungary), illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954: pl. 2, fig. 20), Figs 44E View FIGURE 44 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, very broad conical, gradate, weakly coronate shell (apical angle 65–70°). Protoconch and first teleoconch whorls unknown. Early teleoconch whorls gradate with broad subsutural shelf, marked but slightly rounded shoulder, subcylindrical periphery. Last whorl large, inflated, relatively low with broad, shallow subsutural ramp, prominent shoulder and convex periphery. Sculpture of very broad, strongly rolled over lamellae with smooth tops separated by wide interspaces (10–12). Small rounded spines on lamellae along shoulder. Spiral sculpture of weak primary cords with single delicate secondary intercalated. No basal angulation, peribasal cord weak, only visible in axial interspaces. Base weakly convex, nearly flat with prominent lamellae. Fasciole very broad, short with prominent growth lines. Aperture subcircular, columella concave. Outer lip strongly thickened. Peristome duplex. No umbilicus.

Discussion. This species was first described as Scalaria retusa var. spinosa by Bellardi & Michelotti (1840). De Gregorio (1889: 10) introduced Scalaria retusa var. retuspina as new name for it without further explanation. Most probably, de Gregorio (1889) considered the name Scalaria spinosa to be preoccupied by Scalaria spinosa Bonelli as also discussed by Sacco (1891: 35). However, Scalaria spinosa Bonelli , refers to a name used in an unpublished catalogue for the collection in Torino ( Italy) written by Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830) around the year 1826. The name was made available by Sacco (1891: 26), for a species placed by him in Hirtoscala (as subgenus). Consequently, Scalaria spinosa Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840 has priority and Scalaria retuspina de Gregorio, 1889 is an unnecessary replacement name. As Scalaria spinosa Sacco, 1891 is surely not a Sthenorytis , a replacement name for this species is not required. Sthenorytis acutispina ( Sacco, 1891) , from the Tortonian of Stazzano ( Italy), is probably a subjective junior synonym of Sthenorytis spinosa , based on a subadult or small specimen.The fragmentary specimens from Hungary fully agree with this acutispina -morph. Therefore, we tentatively treat it as conspecific.

Sthenorytis paucicostata Sacco, 1891 , from the Langhian of Monte dei Cappuccini ( Italy), might also be a subjective junior synonym of Sthenorytis spinosa , from which it differs mainly in the more numerous and closer-set lamellae on the spire whorls. However, we have not seen the type specimens.

Sthenorytis spinosa from Hungary was confused by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954) with Sthenorytis trochiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) and Strausz (1966) identified the same specimen as Sthenorytis retusa ( Brocchi, 1814) . The status of the Pliocene Mediterranean Sthenorytis retusa is obscure ( Manganelli et al. 2011) and it is most probably synonymous with the coeval Sthenorytis trochiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) (see neotype in Manganelli et al. 20011: figs 2–5). Sthenorytis trochiformis differs from Sthenorytis spinosa in its low spire and even more prominent lamellae, which terminate in wide, lamellose crests.

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Cserhát Mountains: Szilvásvárad ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Mecsek Mountains: Háromaház ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966).