Tarphius furtadoi Borges & Serrano

Tarphius furtadoi Borges & Serrano , new species

( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 )

Tarphius tornvalli in Gillerfors (1986b , p. 21) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1990, p. 112) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1991, p. 2) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005b , p. 207) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010 , p. 232) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005b , p. 207) (São Jorge Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010 , p. 232) (São Jorge Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) (São Jorge Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010 , p. 232) (Faial Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) (Faial Isl.)

Type locality. The Azores, Pico Island, Lagoa do Caiado.

Type material. HOLOTYPE, male, deposited at DTPC, labeled: Lagoa do Caiado, Pico , Açores, 4–19/03/ 1990 (UTM 26S 390266, 4257172); Paulo A. V. Borges & Fernando Pereira leg..

PARATYPES, PICO ISLAND: 280 specimens—Chão Verde Superior (T01) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mistério da Prainha), IX.1999 (4 exx), VII.2010 (1 ex.) (UTM 26S 388838, 4259774); Lagoa do Caiado - Euphorbias (T02) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), IX.1999 (36 exx) (UTM 26S 390266, 4257172); Chão Verde Inferior (T03) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mistério da Prainha) IX.1999 (39 exx) (UTM 26S 388946, 4260693); Picos do Caveiro (T08) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), IX.1999 (6 exx), VII.2010 (23 exx) (UTM 26S 395274, 4255409); Caveiro Base (T09) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), IX.1999 (19 exx), VII.2010 (23 exx) (UTM 26S 394341, 4255080); Chão Verde Inferior Cima (T14) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mistério da Prainha), VII.2000 (8 exx) (UTM 26S 389041, 4260364); Chão Verde Superior Perpendicular (T15) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mistério da Prainha), VII.2000 (2 exx) (UTM 26S 389035, 4259508); Lagoa do Caiado—Frente a Lagoa (T16) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), VIII.2000 (21 exx) (UTM 26S 390537, 4257057); Lagoa do Caiado—Frente a Euphorbias (T17) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), VIII.2000 (28 exx) (UTM 26S 390661, 4257058); Caveiro, Prado (T20) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 394533, 4255179); Caveiro, Morro (T21) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (47 exx) (UTM 26S 394055, 4255376); Caveiro, Meio da Reserva (T22) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (22 exx) (UTM 26S 396643, 4255074) (collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.).

FAIAL ISLAND: 142 specimens—Cabeço dos Trinta , IX.2009 (3 exx) (UTM 26S 348327, 4271670), Fernando Pereira, leg. ; Cabeço do Fogo (T03) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Cabeço do Fogo ), IX.2010 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 346239, 4272261); Caldeira do Faial (T10) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Caldeira do Faial), IX.2010 (10 exx) (UTM 26S 351110, 4271917); Caldeira do Faial (TB26) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Caldeira do Faial), IX.2010 (128 exx) (UTM 26S 350857, 4272272), ( collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.).

SÃO JORGE ISLAND: 52 specimens—Ribeira Seca , VIII.2003 (32 exx) (UTM 26S 415675, 4273358) (collected by hand; Isabel R. Amorim & Paulo A. V. Borges leg.) ; Pico Pinheiro Inferior (T13) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Pico Pinheiro ), VIII.2004 (14 exx) (UTM 26S 409256, 4278677); Topo Euphorbia (T16) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Topo), VIII.2004 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 422871, 4271075); Pico Pinheiro Erical (T09) ( Natural Forest Reserve of Pico Pinheiro), IX.2010 (5 exx) (UTM 26S 408602, 4277888) ( collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.).

Deposited at FCULC, SNM and DTPC.

Etymology. The species is named after the Azorean naturalist Francisco Arruda Furtado ( 1854–1887) who was one of the first Portuguese followers of the Darwin's theory of evolution.

Diagnosis ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ). Small to medium species ( 2.60–4.24 mm; mean: 3.23± 0.41 mm); body dorsal surface uniform reddish to reddish-brown, antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellowish-brown; body arched (convex); pronotum small and narrower than elytra, transverse, On average 1.45 times as broad as long (1.29x to 1.62x), disc with dense, large rounded granules, each one with a yellowish long, thin, erect rigid long and sub-obtuse seta, with lateral sides slightly rounded and maximum width at middle ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 C). Differs from the most related species in some morphometrics (see Appendix S5), namely:

- differs from T. tornvalli in having smaller W elytra/pronotum and L elytra/pronotum ratios, and larger W/L elytra and W/L pronotum ratios; and

- differs from T. relictus sp. nov. by its larger size and in having smaller L elytra/ Lpronotum, W/L elytra and W/ L pronotum ratios.

Description. Body length of holotype: 3.18 mm; small to medium size (length 2.60–4.24 mm; mean: 3.23± 0.41 mm); width 1.42 mm – 2.17 mm (mean: 1.71± 0.20 mm), body convex and subquadrate-ovate, reddish or reddish-brown, setose, with rigid setae and large granules.

Head: Genae parallel; anterior clypeal margin straight; vertices protrude under the anterior margin of pronotum; surface brown or reddish brown, lighter in clypeus, with dense medium granules, except in clypeus which is more or less smooth, each one with one semi-erect fine hair-like seta slightly directed anteriorly; eyes clearly protruding, glabrous; antennae with segment II smaller than III, segment III 1.3x longer than IV, IV and V equal length, segments VII–IX as long as wide, compact club 2-segmented (segments X and XI); mouth-parts with mandibles brown, the other pieces lighter showing the general morphological pattern of the genus.

Pronotum: Transverse, on average 1.45 times as broad as long, but quite variable (1.29x to 1.62x); surface dark brown, lateral parts reddish, widened in the middle; in general, shape of pronotum as rounded as T. tornvalli (cf. Figs 7 and 11 View FIGURE 11 ) anterior margin deeply bisinuate, anterior angles strongly protruding and acuminate; hind margin largely bisinuate, in middle broadly produced rearwards; lateral margins arcuate with two irregular rows of long, fine and acuminate setae (20–25 each one) ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ), slightly or without sinuation just before the posterior angles which are prominent; disc with a clear median longitudinal sulcus, half latero-posterior region with a slight nodule; a distinct transverse channel just before the extreme base between the two lateral notches; lateral surface variable in terms of flatness; dorsal upper surface with dense distinct large rounded granules, gradually diminishing in diameter to the sides, each one with one rigid erect sub-obtuse yellowish or golden seta ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ); ratios width pronotum/width elytra 0.91±0.03 and length pronotum/length elytra 0.58±0.05 (see Appendix S6).

Elytra: On average 0.92 times as broad as long, quite variable (0.84x to 1.09x); in general 1.10 times (mean) broader than pronotum, but less variable than in T. tornvalli (1.03x to 1.18x); disc reddish-brown, reddish laterally, convex, rugosely seriate-punctate, and wrinkled transversally on dorsal surface which is covered with dense granules each one with an erect rigid long and sub-obtuse yellowish or golden seta, with lateral sides slightly rounded and maximum width at middle ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 C and D); nodules or gibbosities very distinct with a pattern formula 2, 3, 2, 1, covered with setae more aggregate which confers a pom-pom appearance.

Ventral side. Prosternum as granulose as mesosternum and metasternum; grooves on anterior half of prosternal sides slightly present.

Legs. Tibia normal not expanded apically; tarsi 4-segmented, simple, first three tarsomeres of all legs and in both sexes covered ventrally with several very long hyaline fine setae.

Aedeagus: Similar to T. tornvalli (see Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 in Gillerfors 1985).

Bionomics. Most specimens were collected in pitfall traps ( Borges et al. 2005a), but also under the bark of endemic trees and under the bark of dead trunks of exotic trees ( Cryptomeria japonica ; Acacia sp.).