Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895 )

Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895)

Figs 27M, 56A–E View FIGURE 56

C [erithium]. Zeuschneri m.— Pusch 1837: 148, pl. 12, fig. 14 [non fig. 13 = Thericium zeuschneri ( Pusch, 1836) ].

[ Cerithium View in CoL ] calculosum Bast.— Hauer 1837: 419 View in CoL [non Thericium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825) ].

Cerithium vulgatum Brug. View in CoL var.— Hörnes 1855: 386, pl. 41, figs 1–4 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

Cerithium Zeuschneri— Quenstedt 1884: 490 View in CoL , pl. 204, figs 41–42 [non Thericium zeuschneri ( Pusch, 1836) ].

* C[erithium]. vulgatum var. miospinosa Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 9 .

Cerithium vulgatum Brug.— Friedberg 1914: 253 View in CoL , pl. 16, fig. 1 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

Cerithium vulgatum Brug. var. miospina Sacco— Friedberg 1914: 254 , pl. 16, fig. 2.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum miospinosa Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 32, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum Brug. var. miospina Sacco— Sieber 1937: 495 .

C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) vulgatum View in CoL miospina Sacco— Sieber 1958: 137.

Cerithium vulgatum Bruguière var. miospina Sacco— Pčelincev & Korobkov 1960: 312 , pl. 19, fig. 7.

Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière— Atanacković 1969: 196 View in CoL , pl. 8, fig. 19 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum miospinosum Sacco— Bałuk 1975: 143 , pl. 17, figs 13–16.

Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière, 1792 View in CoL — Atanacković 1985: 108, pl. 26, figs 4–5 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) View in CoL ].

Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum miospinosum Sacco— Schultz 1998: 58 , pl. 22, fig. 4.

Cerithium (Thericium) miospinosum Sacco, 1895 — Bałuk 2006: 198.

Thericium miospinosum ( Sacco, 1895) — Landau et al. 2013: 41, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Type material. Lectotype designated herein, NHMW 1846/0037/0354a, SL: 55.8 mm, MD: 31.8 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, figs 1a–b), Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 56C View FIGURE 56 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . Note that the figure in Hörnes (1855) is a composite. Paralectotypes, NHMW 1846/0037/0354b, SL: 57.3 mm, MD: 26.4 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 56B View FIGURE 56 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0040/0007, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 15.7 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 56D View FIGURE 56 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0040/0007, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Figs 56E View FIGURE 56 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 View Materials /0045/0499, SL: 61.5 mm, MD: 26.1 mm, Middle Miocene , Badenian, Gainfarn ( Austria), Figs 56A View FIGURE 56 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023 View Materials /0040/0009, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), Fig. 27M.

Additional material. 17 spec., NHMW 1855 View Materials /0003/0145, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 16 spec., NHMW 1846 View Materials /0037/0354, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1836 View Materials /0047/0354, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1846 View Materials /0037/0354, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1855 View Materials /0011/0499, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1997 View Materials z0178/1358, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0001/0729, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1997 View Materials z0178/1003, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 32 spec., NHMW 1846 View Materials /0037/0354, Steinebrunn ( Austria) , 3 spec., NHMW 1890 View Materials /0025/0079, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2023 View Materials /0050/0001, Vienna / Grinzing ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1868 View Materials /0001/0169, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1869 View Materials /0001/0101, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1863 View Materials /0015/0740, Niederleis ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1865 View Materials /0019/0009, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czechia) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0153, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Large, conical shell of up to 13 teleoconch whorls, attaining up to 80 mm in height; apical angle 38–43°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with numerous spiral cords separated by narrower interspaces. Prominent axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces appear gradually around fourth to fifth teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls with broad, concave sutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder placed slightly above mid-whorl, convex below.Axial ribs broad, swollen, bearing adapically pointed tubercles at shoulder. Spiral sculpture of narrow cords of primary and secondary strength separated by even narrower grooves, largely reduced on later teleoconch whorl. On penultimate whorl further row of irregular smaller tubercles may occur below adapical suture and another spiral bearing smaller tubercles appears at abapical suture, mostly obscured by subsequent whorl and irregularly exposed due to undulating suture. Varices appear on fourth teleoconch whorl but become very prominent from 8 th to 9 th whorls (about two prominent varices per whorl). Last whorl convex, attaining ~42–45% of total height. Pointed tubercles along shoulder cord. Base strongly constricted with two peribasal cords and perifasciolar cord, tubercular in some specimens, narrower cords over fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate, oblique. Outer lip thickened, flaring. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Broad columellar callus sharply delimited from base, strongly thickened and abapically expanded over fasciole in some specimens; parietal callus slightly thickened bearing moderate parietal denticle, distinctly incised anal canal. Siphonal canal deflected to the left, moderately wide, deeply incised.

Discussion. This is the largest Cerithiidae species in the Circum-Mediterranean region and is characterized by its blunt sculpture of large, pointed tubercles, prominent varices and undulating suture. These features distinguish T. miospinosum from the otherwise similar extant T. vulgatum ( Bruguière, 1789) (e.g., Russo & Quaggiotto 2016, fig. 1A, 3A, 3C).

Paleoenvironment. The frequent occurrence at Gainfarn suggests inner neritic environments with seagrass cover ( Zuschin et al. 2007).

Distribution. Thericium miospinosum is known from the Badenian (Langhian and Early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys and from the Serravallian of the Eastern Mediterranean ( Landau et al. 2013). Records from the Tortonian of Stazzano ( Italy), mentioned by Sacco (1895) need confirmation. Occurrences from the Pliocene of Asti and Ceriale ( Italy), listed by Sacco (1895), might rather represent T. vulgatum . Landau et al. (2013) suggested that specimens from the Konkian (Middle Miocene) of Ustyurt (described as Cerithium vulgatum by Iljina 1993), might be conspecific with T. miospinosum . The smaller, rounded tubercles, however, suggest that the Eastern Paratethyan specimens represent another species such as Pithocerithium gilyandense ( Iljina, 1993) . Mongin (1952) reported T. miospinosum from the Burdigalian of the Provence ( France) without illustration. This would be the only Early Miocene occurrence of this species and this record also requires confirmation.

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1975; 2006); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf ( Austria), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czechia) ( Sieber 1937); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn, Traiskirchen, Vienna / Grinzing, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937, 1958); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Hidas ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950), Miljevići ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (hoc opus).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Seyithasan ( Turkey) ( Landau et al. 2013).