Tomosvaryella synadelpha ( Perkins, 1905 )

Tomosvaryella synadelpha ( Perkins, 1905) View in CoL

Figs 94A–D View FIGURE 94 , 142 View FIGURE 142 , 156F View FIGURE 156

Pipunculus synadelphus Perkins, 1905 View in CoL

Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the asymmetrical surstyli, with the right surstylus widened in the basal half in dorsal view (fig. 94A), both with a distinct an upwards horn-like projection in the ventromedial margin in lateral view ( Fig. 94C–D View FIGURE 94 ); gonopods and subepandrial sclerite small ( Fig. 94B View FIGURE 94 ); hypandrium wide; phallus strong, one side covered by dense short forked hairs from its middle to apex in lateral view ( Fig. 94C View FIGURE 94 ).

Redescription: MALE: Body length: 2.8–3.1 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel and arista dark brown. Pedicel with 2–3 bristles located on upper side of pedicel; flagellum brown, lighter at apex, gray pollinose and tapering. Face silvery pollinose. Frons, upper part shining black; lower part distinctly silver pollinose; eyes touching for distance equal the length of ocellar triangle. Occiput grey pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotum light yellow, with 1–2 long, light brown, and 2–5 short pale bristles on upper margin. Mesonotum (viewed obliquely from front) silvery-brown pollinose; scutum with scattered dark bristles at anterior supra-alar area, extending to posterior and uniseriate rows of intra-alar bristles. Postalar callus dark brown with 1–3 short light brown bristles in the middle. Scutellum silvery pollinose and with 8–10 short dark bristles along the distal edge. Halter, knob pale, stem light brown, base dark. Legs. Mid coxa with 2–3 dark bristles. Coxae, trochanters, femora dark, hind femur shining ventrally, knees and basal 1/3 of tibiae yellow (tibiae otherwise dark brown), tarsomeres light brown ventrally, dark brown dorsally. Fore and mid trochanter with 2–3 short dark bristles; hind trochanter silvery pollinose covered by some scattered tiny dark bristles ventrally; ventrobasal spines absent on fore mid femur. Hind femur with two rows of short spines ventrally. Hind tibia with two rows of short brown bristles on anterior and posterior side. Hind tarsomeres slightly flattened on one side, covered by short light brown bristles dorsally, hind metatarsus as long as 2–4 combined; pulvilli shorter than last tarsal segment. Wing. Length: 3.0 mm. Upper side of basal costal cell with 1–2 long, dark brown bristles and two long, light brown bristles inside basal costal cell. Fourth costal section 1.5–2 times as long as third costal section. Cross-vein r-m at middle of discal cell. 2–3 short dark setulae on tegula. Abdomen. Tergites 1 silvery pollinose with 5–7 different-sized lateral bristles; tergite 2–5 brown pollinose, covered by scattered short dark bristles. Syntergosternite 8 enlarged, dark brown and grey-brown pollinose. Membranous area long, approaching epandrium. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8), with a depression in its middle ( Fig. 94A View FIGURE 94 ). Surstyli asymmetrical, widened at base, equal in height, left surstylus rectangular-shaped, right surstylus widened in basal half, then narrowed to apex ( Fig. 94A View FIGURE 94 ). Genital capsule in ventral view: both gonopods small, widened and rounded at apex right wider than left one ( Fig. 94B View FIGURE 94 ); phallic guide short and broad; subepandrial sclerite small and wide, right side with a distinct wrinkle, phallus strong with one ejaculatory duct, hypandrium broadened, hypandrial apodeme small but distinct ( Fig. 94B View FIGURE 94 ); Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli rather straight, with a distinct horn-like projection in ventromedial margin, then narrowed to apex, base of right surstylus wider than left one; phallus strong and sinuate, one side covered by condensed furcate? hairs from its middle to apex ( Fig. 94C–D View FIGURE 94 ).

FEMALE: Body length: 2.5 mm.As male except for the following characters. Frons, eyes separated; completely silver-grey pollinose on lower 1/3, wider in middle, shiny black only around ocellar triangle, deep depression just before ocellar triangle. Enlarged ommatidia silvery shining; pulvilli and claws longer than last tarsal segment. Tergites 2–5 with lateral gray spots. Ovipositor. Straight in ventral view, straight in lateral view (piercer brown), reaching sternite 2; basal two thirds silvery brown pollinose. LP:LB = 2.0. LDP:LPP = 2.8. ( Fig. 156F View FIGURE 156 ).

Examined material: LECTOTYPE [HERE DESIGNATED]: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Bundaberg, 24°52’S, 152°21’E, 20.VIII.1919, F. Muir, CNCD5542 (1♂, BPBM); PARALECTOTYPES: same data as lectotype, IX.1904, BMNH(E)964036–41, CNCD5537–8, CNCD5540, CNCD5543 (6♂, 4♀, BMNH; 2♂, 2♀, BPBM); Cairns, 16°55’S, 145°46’E, VII.1904, JSS8486–7 (1♂, 1♀, BPBM); Childers, 25°14’S, 152°16’E, 30.X.1904, [this specimen clearly reared by Perkins but no host data given. Two dates on label, first is “Oct. 15 04” - likely the date of pupariation. “Oct. 30 04” is likely the date of emergence], CNCD5541 (1♂, BPBM); Mid. Queensland, 23°7’S 144°8’E, JSS4180–2 (2♂, 1♀, ZMAN); 20°55’S, 142°42’E, JSS4183 (1♂, ZMAN); Other Material Examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 2km SE of Coop’s Corner, end of power line road, 26°3’S, 153°3’E, vegetation, 8.X.2002, S. Boucher, sweep net, LEM_0016183 (1♂, LEM); Carnarvon Nat. Park, Ranger Station, 25°1’S, 147°57’E, near campsite in morning, 11.X.2002, S. Boucher, sweep net, LEM_0016209 (1♂, LEM); Carnarvon National Park, The Tombs, 25°5’S, 147°52’E, vegetation, 10.X.2002, S. Boucher, sweep net, LEM_0016195 (1♂, LEM); Carnarvon, National Park Ranger Station, 25°1’S, 147°57’E, near campsite in morning, 11.X.2002, S. Boucher, sweep net, LEM_0016208 (1♂, LEM); Emu Creek Crossing, East Petford, 17°21’S, 144°56’E, grass, 22.IV.1983, J.F. Grimshaw, sweep net, JSS8944 (1♂, QDPC); Karumba, 12°28’S, 130°47’E, 18.IV.1983, J.F. Donaldson, JSS8943 (1♂, QDPC); Mount Webb National Park, 15°4’S, 145°7’E, 30.IX.1980, D.H. Colless, Malaise trap, JSS223 (1♂, ANIC); Brampton Island, east of Mackay, 20°48’S, 149°16’E, 17.IX.1963, D.E. Havenstein, JSS8656 (1♂, ANIC); Brisbane, 27°28’S, 153°1’E, 11.IV.1962, B. Wilson, JSS8259 (1♂, QM); 23.III.1951, S. Barker, JSS8302 (1♂, QM); Culgoa Floodplain National Park, 11.8km N Headquarters (CG2AM), 28°54’S, 147°8’E, 151m, Brigalow, 18.XI–17.XII.2009, C. Lambkin, A. Coward, C. Kelly, N. Starick, Malaise trap, 19255, CNC576509 (1, CNC); Currawinya National Park, 4km NW Headquarters (CW3), 28°49’S, 144°28’E, Mulga, 15.XII.2007 – 8.II.2008, Lambkin, Townsend, Starick, Malaise trap, CNC576537 (1♂, CNC); Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island, 27°35’S, 153°37’E, 22.VIII.1958, S.S. Sekhon, JSS8264 (1♂, QM); Mount Crosby, 27°33’S, 152°48’E, 15.X.1970, J. Wilson, JSS9741 (1♂, QM); McKinlay district, NW Queensland, 25°55’S, 144°36’E, 17– 19.VIII.1963, T.E. Woodward, JSS8267 (1♂, QM); Normanton, 17°40’S, 141°4’E, swept near swamp, 19.V.1976, I.R. Bock, JSS8552 (1♂, ANIC); Plevna Downs, Tompilly Hill base (PD6 M), 26°44’S, 142°39’E, 187m, Gidgee, 24.IV–24.VII.2008, G. Turner, R. Mackenzie, Malaise trap, CNC595283 (1♂, CNC); Ridgepole Waterhole, 24 km ESE of Musselbrook Resource Centre, Lawn Hill National Park, 18°40’S, 138°22’E, 180m, 1.V.1995, G. Daniels, M.A. Schneider, JSS8296 (1♂, QM); Rosevale Area, SE Queensland, 27°52’S, 152°29’E, 16.III.1975, B.K. Cantrell, JSS8933 (1♂, QDPC); Toowong, 27°28’S, 152°59’E, 30.III.1952, DJT, JSS8280 (1♂, QM); Babinda, 17°20’S, 145°56’E, IV.1919, F. X. Williams, CNCD5539 (1♂, BPBM); Meringa, 17°5’S, 145°47’E, IX.1919, F. Muir, CNCD5536 (1♀, BPBM); Carnarvon Station, near Conglomerate Spring (SSS2), 24°50’S, 147°47’E, 839m, dry creek bed in gully, 8–14.X.2014, C. Lambkin, Malaise trap, CNC591900 (1♂, CNC); Carnarvon National Park, Marlong Plain, 24°57’S, 147°58’E, grassland, 13.X.2002, S. Boucher, sweeping, CNCD253910 (1♂, LEM); Carnarvon National Park, Mount Moffatt, Angelina Creek , 25°4’S, 148°3’E, 675m, creek bed, over creek, 9–10.X.2002, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap, debu210512 (1♂, DEBU); Dauan Island, North Queensland, 9°25’S, 142°32’E, 28.III.1984, J.W. Turner, JSS8953, JSS8955–6 (3♂, QDPC); Edward Allison Park, Eatons Hill, Brisbane, 27°20’S, 152°57’E, 10.XI.1995, S.G. Evans, JSS12613 (1♂, QM); Elizabeth Creek, Boodjamulla National Park, 18°14’S, 138°5’E, 170m, Bloodwood open forest, 18–22.IV.2005, M. Mathieson, G. Smith, Malaise trap, JSS19190 (1♀, QM); Eungella Range, 52 miles W Mackay, 21°9’S, 148°24’E, 15.IX.1963, D.E. Havenstein, JSS8646–52 (7♂, ANIC); Peawaddy Gorge, Mount Moffatt National Park, 24°56’S, 148°4’E, 1100m, 26.II.1996, C.J. Burwell & S. Evans, JSS9744 (1♂, QM); Scrub Road, Brisbane Forest Park, 27°25’S, 152°50’E, 21–28.XI.1997, S. Winterton, N. Power & D. White, Malaise trap, JSS8847 (1♂, QM); Western Australia: 8 km S of Cape Bertholet, 17°15’S, 122°10’E, 18.IV.1977, D.H. Colless, JSS9256 (1♂, ANIC); Derby, 17°23’S, 123°40’E, 27.I.1967, G. Beamish, JSS8736 (1♂, WAM); Karijini National Park, Juna Downs Road, 22°40’S, 118°26’E, 797m, in open mulga with flowering Ptilotus , 25.IV–14.V.2003, C. Lambkin & T. Weir, Malaise trap, ANIC [Bulk Sample] 2046, JSS15987 (1♂, ANIC); 48 km NW Carnarvon; Blowholes Road; sandy trail, 24°35’S, 113°31’E, 7m, dry vegetated coastal dunes, 27.IV–11.V.2003, M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, Malaise trap, JSS15831 (1♀, CNC); Crawley, 31°59’S, 115°49’E, 2.IV.1924, K.R. Norris, JSS8644 (1♂, ANIC); Karijini National Park, Hamersley-Mount Bruce Road, 22°34’S, 118°18’E, 757m, dry rocky creek bed, Eucalyptus grassland, 25.IV–14.V.2003, C. Lambkin, T. Weir, Malaise trap, ANIC [Bulk Sample] 2056, JSS16121 (1♂, ANIC); Millstream-Chichester National Park, Roebourne Road, 21°26’S, 117°9’E, 337m, sandy creek, Eucalyptus Spinifex grassland, 7–12.V.2003, C. Lambkin, D. Yeates, Malaise trap, JSS15573 (1♂, ANIC); Karijini National Park, Juna Downs Road, 22°44’S, 118°25’E, 798m, dry Turee Creek, grassy open Eucalyptus scrub, 25.IV–14.V.2003, C. Lambkin & T. Weir, Malaise trap, 2145, JSS19186 (1♀, ANIC); Karijini National Park, Weano Gorge Road, 22°21’S, 118°15’E; 22°23’S, 118°15’E, 695m; 711m, grassy dry creek, Eucalyptus Acacia scrub; beside drying pool bank in grassland, 25.IV–15.V.2003, C. Lambkin & T. Weir, Malaise trap, JSS15981, JSS16080, JSS16082 (1♂, 2♀, ANIC); Mount Augustus National Park; south slope on Saddle Trail, 24°18’S, 116°48’E, 400m, small dry wooded wash, 25.IV–7.V.2003, M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, Malaise trap, JSS15884 (1♀, CNC); Mount Augustus National Park, 24°22’S, 116°50’E, 427m, wash on southern slope of mountain, 25.IV–7.V.2003, M.E. Irwin & F.D. Parker, Malaise trap, JSS15877 (1♀, CNC); New South Wales: 23 km SE Tamworth, 31°13’S, 151°7’E, 26.XI.1982, D.S. Horning, Jr., JSS9151 (1♂, ANIC); 25 km NW Coonamble, 30°49’S, 148°12’E, 17.VI.1976, Z. Liepa, JSS9169 (1♂, ANIC); 27 km N Dubbo, 32°1’S, 148°37’E, 17.VI.1976, Z. Liepa, JSS9205 (1♂, ANIC); Ledknapper National Reserve, 25km NE Beulah Homestead, near old Gerara Springs (LDN6M), 29°16’S, 146°23’E, Mulga, 10.XII.2009 – 18.III.2010, S. O’Sullivan, K. Taylor, Malaise trap, CNC576646, CNC576649 (2♂, CNC); Culgoa National Park, 13.5km SW Cawwell Homestead (CGN1M), 29°7’S, 146°56’E, Callitris , 30.I–18.V.2010, QM Team, B. Shiebaan & R. Ohlsen, Malaise trap, CNC576620 (1♂, CNC); Northern Territory: McArthur River, 14 km S by W of Cape Crawford, 15°54’S, 136°40’E, 12.IV.1976, D.H. Colless, JSS9220 (1♂, ANIC); 25 miles SW of Auvergne homestead, 15°56’S, 129°44’E, 28.V.1968, M. Mendum, JSS8554 (1♂, ANIC); Casurina Beach, Darwin, 12°27’S, 130°50’E, 22.X.1972, D.H. Colless, JSS8527 (1♂, ANIC); Koongarra, 15 km E of Mount Cahill, 12°52’S, 132°51’E, 6–9.III.1973, D.H. Colless, JSS8547 (1♂, ANIC); Roper River, 14°44’S, 135°23’E ,, N.B. Tindale, JSS8720–1 (2♂, SAM). NEW CALEDONIA: Anse Vata, 22°18’S, 166°27’E, 23.X.1958, C.R. Joyce, CNCD5613 (1♂, BPBM); Chesterfield Islands, 19°52’S, 158°19’E, IX.1957, F.Cohic, CNCD5600 (1♂, BPBM); Noumea, 22°16’S, 166°26’E, 200m, III.1973, N.L.H. Krauss, CNCD5609 (1♂, BPBM); 22–23.XI.1963, R. Straatman, CNCD5606, CNCD5608 (2♂, BPBM); PHILIPPINES: Mountain Province: Abatan, Buguias, 60 km S of Bontoc, 16°43’N, 120°49’E, 2000m, 11.V.1964; 17–19.V.1964; 21–27.V.1964; 28.IV.1964; 30.V.1964, H.M. Torrevillas, light trap; CNCD5544–9 (5♂, 1♀, BPBM); SOLOMON ISLANDS: Guadalcanal: Honiara, 9°27’S, 159°58’E, 0 to 100m, X.1970, N.L.H. Krauss, CNCD5627–30 (4♂, BPBM); Malaita: Antong Java Atoll, Peku, 10m, 17.XII.1972, N.L.H. Krauss, CNCD5620 (1♂, BPBM); NDAI Island, Bethlehem, 7°53’S, 160°37’E, 10m, XII.1972, N.L.H. Krauss, CNCD5619 (1♂, BPBM); Gizo Island, Gizo, 8°6’S, 156°50’E, 0 to 200m, XII.1975, N.L.H. Krauss, CNCD5624–5 (2♂, BPBM).

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), New Caledonia, Philippines (Mountain Province), Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, Malaita) ( Fig. 142 View FIGURE 142 ).

Notes: This species is widespread in Australia north of Dubbo in the east and Perth in the west. It extends through the Solomons, New Caledonia and New Guinea to the northern Philippines. It is predominantly a forest species and has never been found hilltopping. Perkins (1905) notes that one specimen was reared from a ‘jassid’. This is a general name for a leafhopper. Specimen CNCD5542 is hereby nominated as the lectotype to fix and ensure consistent interpretation of the name. Intraspecific genetic distance ranges from 0.4% to 2.4%. Tomosvaryella synadelpha is genetically closest to T. cona sp. nov. (8.9% pairwise divergence) (Supplementary file 3).