Tovomita clusiiflora ( Ducke) L. Marinho

12. Tovomita clusiiflora ( Ducke) L. Marinho View in CoL in Phytotaxa 340: 289. 2018 View Cited Treatment ≡ Tovomitidium clusiiflorum Ducke View in CoL in Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 62. 1935. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, habitat in silva mediocri terris altis prope São Paulo de Olivença ( Rio Solimões , in civitate Amazonas), 3 Oct 1931, A. Ducke s.n. RB no. 25051 (RB [ RB00539011 ]!; isotypes: K [ K000815954 ]!, US [ US 00114307] photo!).

= Tovomita froesii Maguire View in CoL in Phytologia 39: 76. 1978. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho & al. 2018: 289): Brazil, Amazonas, [São Paulo de Olivença], upper Jandiatuba , 12 Jan 1949, R. L. Froés 23887 (NY [ NY00076045 ]!; isolectotypes: IAN [no. 15834]!, IAN [no. 42820]!, NY [ NY00579023 ]!, P [ P01901229 ]!).

Description — Shrubs or trees up to 25 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.5–3.8 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 14.5–36 × 6.2–15 cm, light brown in sicco, coriaceous, black dots absent, broadly elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex straight, acuminate or rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 12–20 pairs, 7–18 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 85° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins absent; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested or lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower, lenticels absent; dichasium usually enclosed by bracts fused in a calyptra. Pedicels 6–7 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, articulation not seen; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 10–18 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded; lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 10–35 × 13–15 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded; petals 4, c. 34 × 12 mm, oblong to spathulate, apex rounded, position and coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 7.5–9.2 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 5–5.5 mm long, connective exceeding thecae, acute; pistillode conic. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.2–4.5 × 2–3.2 cm, 6-septate, spheroid when closed, strongly costate, rostrum present, 7–13 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 28.

Iconography — Illustration available in Ducke (1935: 72).

Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Vaupés), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 27.

Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita clusiiflora is the only species with an acute connective exceeding the thecae and 6-carpellate ovaries ( Fig. 28C). When sterile, T. clusiiflora can be recognized by coriaceous leaves, absence of intersecondary veins and percurrent sinuous tertiary veins ( Fig. 28A). The flowers are large, and the fruits are costate, usually pyriform, but sometimes spheroid ( Fig. 28B).

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: São Paulo de Olivença, alto Rio Solimões , platô ao sul da cidade, 1 Jan 1986, fr., C . A. Cid & al. 8596 (INPA!, NY!). — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: corregimiento El Encanto, camino de Puerto Castro, 01°44'07"S, 73°09'03"W, 140 m, 14 Ap 2022, fr., W GoogleMaps . Rodríguez & al. 10260 ( COAH!). ANTIQOUIA: San Carlos , Corregimiento El Jordán, trocha Los Planes, 16 Feb 1990, fr., M. P . Velásquez 267 ( HUA!). BOLÍVAR: Santa Rosa, Guamoco, caserío Tomates , 07°38'29"N, 74°28'57"W, 10 May 2010, fr., W GoogleMaps . Rodríguez & al. 6768 ( HUA!). CHOCÓ : Acandi, Corregimiento Chugandí, vereda La Goleta, 08°24'33"N, 77°08'30"W, 12 Jan 2004, fr., A GoogleMaps . Idárraga & F . Cardona 3114 ( HUA!, JAUM!). VAUPÉS: Río Piparaparaná, Caño Teemeeña , 00°15'S, 70°30'N, 5 Sep 1952, fl., R. E . Schultes & I . Cabrera 17175 ( NY!) . — PERU: LORETO: Maynas, Depto. Iquitos, Carretera Iquitos-Nauta, 2 Jul 1996, fl. ♂, M . Rimachi Y . 11693 (NY!).