Cladorhiza, SARS, 1872

GENUS CLADORHIZA SARS, 1872 View in CoL

Synonymy: Cladorhiza Sars, 1872: 65 ; Trochoderma Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 344 (preoccupied); Axoniderma Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 493 ; Exaxinata de Laubenfels, 1936: 122 ; Raoa de Laubenfels, 1936: 123 .

Diagnosis: Cladorhizidae with only anchorate/ unguiferate anisochelae (from Lopes & Hajdu, 2014).

spicule measurements and could be other Cladorhiza spp. Not: C. abyssicola ( Thomson, 1873: 112; Carter, 1876: 319) (is actually C. gelida , see description of that species here) ( Hansen, 1885: 16) (cf. Lundbeck, 1905).

Material examined: The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, the Danish Ingolf Expedition, M/S ‘Michael Sars’ 1902, M/S ‘Armauer Hansen’ 1917, M/S ‘Dannevig’ 1952, DEPRO96, BIOICE, CARACOLE, BIOSYS/HERMES 2005, BIOSKAG III, NEREIDA 0509, LAR2012-002 (see Supporting information).

Comparative material examined: C. methanophila Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 2002 , ‘Atlantis’ AT 21-02, J633-5.

Type species: Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872 (by monotypy).

Remarks: Genus Cladorhiza is defined as cladorhizids with anchorate anisochelae. Most of the Cladorhiza species from the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic are closely related arbuscular forms similar to the type species of the genus, Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872 . Many of these were originally described by Lundbeck (1905), most of whose material has been re-examined here. The two exceptions are the small, pedunculate species C. arctica ( Koltun, 1959) and the curious long, threadlike C. kenchingtonae sp. nov.