Zamium succineum Pascoe, 1864

Zamium succineum Pascoe, 1864 View in CoL : SYNTYPE unsexed (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA

Western Cape Province. Labels : “ Type ” [red circle] || “ Cape ” [yellow lozenge] || “Pascoe | Coll. | 93-60.” || “ Zamium |succineum | typus Pasc[oe]” || “ Zamium | succineum | Cape [of] Gd. [Good] Hope Pasc[oe]” || “[QR code] | NHMUK 014192122” .

Other material examined

SOUTH AFRICA

- 1 ♀, Caffraria, leg. J. Wahlb [erg], 2- Maculatus. Fabr., ( Zamium bimaculatum, P. Lepesme det.) NHRS-JLKB 000027432 ( NHRS) .

Eastern Cape Province

- 1 ♂, Port Alfred , 33°36’S 26°54’E, xii.1984, E Grobbelaar ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

Free State

- 1 ♀, Bethlehem district , 26°15’S 28°20’E, 15.i.1994, MM van der Merwe ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂ Bothaville [27°22’S 26°37’E], 1937, Dr. Brauns ( TMSA) GoogleMaps .

Gauteng

- 1 ♀, Pretoria, [25°44’S 28°14’E], 1933, F Legg ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 2 ♂ & 5 ♀, Pretoria, Roodeplaat, [25°36’S 28°21’E], 07–09.x.1969, HD Naudé ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Pretoria, ARC Roodeplaat, 25°36’S 28°21’E, xii.2008, W Breytenbach ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

KwaZulu-Natal

- 1 ♀ St Lucia Est[uary], 28°17’S 32°25’E, 13.ii.1989, RG Oberprieler ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Pietermaritzburg, [29°36’S 30°23’E], viii.1977, R Muller ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Umlaas, 29°44’S 30°31’E, ix.1997, PE Reavell ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 2 ♀, Leeukop Nature Reserve , near Pongola, 27°22’S 31°42’E, 08.i. 1992, M Vogt, E Holm ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 4 ♂ & 1 ♀, Fanies [Fani’s] Island, 28°15’S 32°25’E, 11.i.1992, M Vogt, E Holm ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♀, Ntambanana, [28°36’S 31°44’E], 03.xi.1922, GAH Bedford ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♀, Jozini, [27°25’S 32°03’E], iii.1980, RG Oberprieler ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Gingindlovu, [29°01’S 31°35’E], ii.1980, RG Oberprieler ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Umzimkulu, 30°15’S 29°57’E, 03.x.2014, MD Bate ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

Limpopo Province

- 1 ♀, Ellisras [= Lephalale] district, D’Nyala Nature Reserve, 23°45’S 27°49’E, 18–20.xi.1987, E Grobbelaar ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Thabazimbi, [24°35’S 27°24’E], 09.i.1980, Univ. Pretoria ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂ & 1 ♀, SA Wildlife College, 10 km N of Orpen Gate , 24°30’S 31°19’E, 14.xi.1999, W Breytenbach ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂ & 1 ♀, Moorddrift [30°15’S 29°57’E], i.1920, G van Dam ( TMSA) GoogleMaps . - 1 ♂, Naboomspruit, Nylsvley [Nature Reserve], [24°38’S 28°31’E], CSIR ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

Mpumalanga

- 1 ♀, Presidentsrus, 25°45’S 29°19’E, 05.x.2015, JM Bate, MD Bate ( SANC) GoogleMaps ; - 1 ♂ & 2 ♀, same data, but 28.ix.2017 ( SANC) GoogleMaps ;

- 1 ♀, same data, but 12.xi.2017 ( SANC) ;

- 2 ♂ & 1 ♀, same data, but 21.x.2017, emerged from collected White Stinkwood branches ( Celtis africana ) ( SANC) ;

- 2 ♂ & 3 ♀, same data, but 15–20.xii.2019, emerged from collected Common Hookthorn branches ( Senegalia caffra ) ( SANC) .

- 1 ♂, Lydenburg, [25°05’S 30°27’E], x.1950, SJ Harris ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♀, Witbank , [25°53’S 29°15’E], 13.xi.1960, GA Hepburn ( SANC) GoogleMaps . - 1 ♂ & 1 ♀, Mahushe Shongwe Nature Reserve , near Mzinti, 25°45’S 31°44’E, 04–05.ii.1995, SL Chown, R Stals, JD Browne ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂,KNP [KrugerNationalPark],Skukuza,[25°00’S 31°36’E], 18-20.xii. 1970, TW Drinkwater ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 2 ♀, Long Tom Pass, [25°09’S 30°37’E], 21.ii.1978, WZ Schultze ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

North West Province

- 1 ♀, Derby, [26°02’S, 26°03’E], 01.iii.1988, J van den Berg, reared from Acacia karroo [= Vachelliakarroo] ( JBC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Potchefstroom, [26°45’S, 27°04’E], 20.xi.1988, J van den Berg, reared from Acacia karroo [= Vachelliakarroo] ( JBC) GoogleMaps .

Northern Cape Province

- 1 ♀, Groenriviermond, 30°50’S 17°35’E, 01.v.1989, E Swanepoel ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

Western Cape Province

- 1 ♂, Paarl, [33°54’S 19°12’E], 11.i.1928, CJ Joubert ( TMSA) GoogleMaps .

FAUNITAXYS - ISSN (Print): 2269 - 6016 - ISSN (Online): 2970 - 4960

A. Without maculae. B. With apical maculae. C. With median maculae. D. With median and apical maculae.

- 1 ♂ Somerset West , 34°05’S 18°51’E, xii.2007, PE Reavell, M Bredenkamp, L Saayman ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 3 ♂ & 5 ♀, Cape Town , [33°56’S 18°26’E], 22.v.1981, G Tribe, ex dead almond tree ( Prunus amygdalus ) ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♀, George, 33°58’S 22°27’E, AJ Urban, emerged from dead branch of Dais cotinifolia ( Thymelaeaceae ) (SANC).

- 1 ♂, Mossel Bay, 34°11’S 22°08’E, 26.xii.1997, L Kellerman ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

- 1 ♂, Knysna, [34°02’S 23°03’E], xii.1947, B.R. ( SANC) GoogleMaps .

Remarks. – Martins (1976) proposed, based on morphological characteristics of Z. incultum Pascoe, 1864 , the transfer of the genus Zamium to the Hesperophanini ( Cerambycinae ). Our study of specimens of Zamium bimaculatum revealed that the procoxae are globulose, procoxal cavities are closed laterally, mesocoxal cavities are open to the mesepimeron; first 4 visible urosternites (urosternites III - V1) are unequal in length; and the stridulatory plate of the mesonotum is undivided. We therefore agree with Martins’s tribal placement of the genus.

Ferreira (1954:367) stated with regard to Z. prociduum Pascoe, 1864 that this species cannot remain in the genus Zamium due to “the presence of a very small spine in the inner apical angles of the third to the sixth joints of the antennae, the convexity of the body, the procoxal cavities closed.” We studied the holotype of Z. prociduum Pascoe , deposited in BMNH ( Fig. 3), and observed no small spines in the inner apical angles of antennomeres III–VI. Furthermore, it is evident from Ferreira’s cryptic description of Z. prociduum that she did not examine the type specimen.

Based on the Z. bimaculatum material studied, it is evident that the beige maculae on the elytra have a high variability in size and shape. The medial maculae on the elytra, which never touch the suture, can form large irregular maculae, or be reduced to small irregular spots or be lacking completely. Likewise, the apical maculae are also variable in size and shape, or lacking. Occasionally, specimens have a homogeneous brown integument (without maculae) on the elytra ( Fig. 4). From the studied material, it is evident that absence of medial and/or apical maculae on the elytra is not sex- or regionally specific.

We have examined type specimens of Z. bimaculatum ( Fabricius, 1781) and Z. prociduum Pascoe, 1864 . Besides the absence of the apical maculae on the elytra ( Z. prociduum ), they show no morphological differences. Thus, we propose Z. prociduum as a new junior subjective synonym of Z. bimaculatum .

Host plants. – Sweet thorn ( Vachellia karroo ), common hook-thorn ( Senegalia caffra ), white stinkwood ( Celtis africana ), pompom tree ( Dais cotinifolia ) and almond ( Prunus amygdalus ) are recorded as host plants for Z. bimaculatum .

Distribution. – Zimbabwe: Mashonaland; Mozambique;SouthAfrica: Cape Prov.,KwaZulu-Natal, Free State,Transvaal( Distant, 1904;Veiga Ferreira, 1964; Adlbauer, 1994), Gauteng, Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape provinces.