Cardamine macrophylla Willd.

Cardamine macrophylla Willd. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 3 (1): 484. 1800.

= Cardamine macrophylla var. crenata Trautv. View in CoL , Trudy Imp. S. - Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5 (1): 18. 1877.

= Cardamine macrophylla var. dentariifolia Hook. f. & T. Anderson View in CoL Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1 (1): 139 (1872). Type (designated by ( Marhold et al. 2015)): India, Himal. Bor. Occ., Thomson, T. s. n., (K 000397478!)

= Cardamine macrophylla var. diplodonta T. Y. Cheo View in CoL , Bull. Bot. Lab. N. - E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 20. 1980.

= Cardamine foliosa Wall. View in CoL , [Numer. List: 4779. 1831. nom. nud.]

≡ Cardamine macrophylla var. foliosa Hook. f. & T. Anderson View in CoL Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1 (1): 139 (1872). Type (designated by ( Marhold et al. 2015)): India, Kumaon, Wallich, Cat. Wall. 4779 (K 000247365!, P 00747537!, B _ 10 _ 0241370!, B _ 10 _ 0241369!, GH 00549127!).

= Cardamine macrophylla var. lobata Hook. f. & T. Anderson View in CoL , Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1 (1): 139 (1872). Type (designated by ( Marhold et al. 2015)): [ INDIA] [Label 1]: “ marshy meadows, Nira Zanskar, 12,900 ft, 2 July 1849 [?] ”, [Label 2]: “ Hab. Himal. Bor. Occ., W. Tibet, Regio Temp., Alt. 12,900 ft, T. T. [T. Thomson] s. n. ” (K 000397477).

= Cardamine macrophylla var. moupinensis Franch. View in CoL , Pl. David. 2: 18. 1888. Type (designated by ( Marhold et al. 2015)): [ CHINA], [Label 1 (handwritten)]: “ Moupin, Thibet oriental, lieux frais en montagne, Avril 1869 ”, [Label 2 (printed)] “ Chine (Thibet Oriental), Province de Moupin, 1870 [sic!], David s. n. ” (P 00747519, Isolectotype: P 00747518).

= Cardamine macrophylla var. sikkimensis Hook. f. & T. Anderson View in CoL Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1 (1): 139 (1872). Type (designed by ( Marhold et al. 2015)): India, Sikkim Lachung, 03 September 1849, Hooker, J. D. s. n. (K 000397479!, isolectotype: K 000397480!, K 000397481!, GH 00549128!) = Cardamine polyphylla D. Don View in CoL not O. E. Schulz, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 201. 1825.

= Cardamine sachalinensis Miyabe & T. Miyake View in CoL , Fl. Saghalin No. 58, t. 3, fig. 1–3, 1915.

= Cardamine sino-manshurica Kitag. View in CoL , Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 111, 1940.

≡ Dentaria sino-manshurica Kitag. View in CoL Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 111, 1940.

= Cardamine urbaniana O. E. Schulz View in CoL , Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32 (2–3): 396. 1903.

Syntype: China, Sichuan, 1885–1888, A. Henry 5635 (B 10 0241328!); China, Shaanxi, Huangcaoping County, 20 June 1894, G. Giraldi 447 (B 10 0241329!)

= Dentaria gmelinii Tausch View in CoL , Flora 19 (2): 402, 1836.

= Dentaria macrophylla Bunge ex Maxim. View in CoL , Prim. Fl. Amur. 45, 1859.

= Dentaria wallichii G. Don View in CoL , Gen. Hist. 1: 172, 1831.

= Dentaria willdenowii Tausch View in CoL , Flora 19 (2): 403, 1836.

= Cardamine tangutorum O. E. Schulz View in CoL , Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32 (2–3): 360. 1903.

Holotype.

Russia, Northern Sibiria, Mangezeya, at the mouth of Taz River ( B-W 11970-030 !)

Syntype.

China, Gansu, Terra Tangurorum , N. M. Przewalski No. 1872 ( LE 01014556 !) ; China, Gansu, Terra Tangurorum , N. M. Przewalski No. 1873 ( K 000697742 !) ; China, Gansu, Terra Tangurorum , N. M. Przewalski No. 1880 ( LE 01014557 !) ; China, Gansu, orient , G. N. Potanin 1885 ( LE 01014555 !, LE 01014558 !) ; China, Sichuan, “ Tsakulao ”, 1891, A. v. Rosthorn 2583., ( B 10 0241334 !) ; China, Shaanxi, Baoji County, Mountain Miaowangshan , 1899, J. Giraldi No. 3379 ; China, Hebei, Mountain Xiaowutaishan , 1879, O. V. Möllendorff s. n.

Habitat.

Often in shady areas under forests, along ditches or in subalpine meadows.

Distribution.

Widely distributed in Siberia, Mongolia, Himalayas, North China, Northeast China, Central China, Hengduan Mountains.

Phenological period.

Flowering from May to July, fruit from June to September.

Description.

Perennial herbs, 30 cm – 70 cm tall, up to 1 m. Rhizomes creeping, sometimes tuberous; basal leaves pinnate, pedicled on creeping rhizomes, terminal leaflet long ovate to lanceolate, margin toothed, lateral leaflet similar to terminal leaflet. Cauline leaves are similar to basal leaves but slightly smaller, mostly in the middle and upper parts of the plant. Flowers lilac to purplish red, calyx margins white membranous, petals with long claws; the seeds are oblong. This species showed high diversity in the size of leaflets and morphology of leaf margins.

Specimens examined.

• Sichuan Province: Yajiang County, Mountain Kazila , 08 September 2011, He et al. SCU- 11-360, ( KUN 1235449 !, KUN 1235450 !) ; Kangding County, He et al. SCU- 080340, ( KUN 1235446 !); • Yunnan Province: Shangri-La County, 24 July 2014, Guo et al. 14 CS 9432, ( KUN 1321027 !); • Heilongjiang Province: Jinshantun County, Huilongwan National Forrest Park , Hou et al. 389, ( QFNU 0006577 !, QFNU 0006578 !); • Hebei: Donggou Temple , 16 May 1951, Wencai Wang 2122, ( PE 01004424 !, PE 01004426 !) ; Xiaowutai Mountain, Tielin Temple , 29 July 1906, Y. Yabe s. n., ( NAS 00326894 !, NAS 00326895 !) • Shanxi Province: Mountain Guandishan , 23 June 1959, Sai Ma 15030, ( WUK 0321706 !, WUK 0324493 !) ; Wutaishan Mountain , 17 July 1907, Y. Yabe s. n., ( NAS 00326872 ) ; Lingchuan County, Fenghuang Valley , 14 April 2014, Kong et al. k 0087, ( SD 00018202 !, SD 00016344 !) • Tibet Province: Mangkang County, 318 Road , 20 July 2008, Zhang et al. SunH- 07 ZX- 0503 ( KUN 1300753 !, KUN 1300754 !, KUN 1300755 !) ; Yadong County, Naiduila Mountain , 23 August 2013, Y. S. Chen et al. 13-1966, ( PE 02000587 !, PE 02000588 !) ; Dingqing County, 22 July 2016, Shuai Li et al. 20167324, ( BNU 0030842 !); • Gansu Province: Tan County, Mountain Lougu , 15 June 1956, Huanghe Exped 4911, ( WUK 0085438 !) ; Zhuoni County, Chebagou Valley , Yin et al. LiuJQ-GN- 2011-128, ( KUN 1235443 !) ; Maqu County, Xiuma , 03 September 2008, Li et al. LiJ 0061, ( KUN 1235442 !) ; Maqu County, Langmu Temple , 01 June 1999, Bailong River Exped 1589, ( PE 01556040 !) ; Lianhua Mountain , 13 May 2002, Xuegang Sun 2741, ( PE 01998146 !) ; Linxia County, Dalijia Mountain , 28 July 1988, Ji Ma 88090, ( NAS 00326893 !, NAS 00326896 !, NAS 00326897 !); • Beijing: Baihua Mountain , August 1981, Anonymous 81-0322, ( BJFC 00019955 !, BJFC 00019954 !, BJFC 00019953 !) ; Baihua Mountain , June 1990, D. D. Lu et al. 272, ( BJFC 00019961 !, BJFC 00019960 !, BJFC 00019959 !, BJFC 00019956 !) ; Mentougou County, Lingshan Mountain , 01 May 2009, G. M. Zhang 200923, ( BJFC 00066271 !, BJFC 00066273 , BJFC 00066274 !); • Shaanxi: Long County, 19 May 1983, Sujia River , J. X. Yang 4207, ( WUK 0438580 !, WUK 0438581 !); • Qinghai Province: Ledu County, Qutan , 24 June 1970, Benzhao Gou 7198, ( WUK 0308377 ) ; Menyuan County, 26 July 2008, Yuhu Wu LJQ-QLS- 2008-0143, ( KUN 1235444 !, KUN 1235445 !) ; Maqin County, Dawu , 14 July 2014, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaolei Zhang s. n., QH 2014006 , ( BNU 0020082 !) ; Huzhu County, Beishan Foresty Centre , 13 July 1982, B. Z. Gou 25521, ( HNWP 102005 !) ; Guide County, Laji Mountain , 20 June 1992, R. F. Huang 3710, ( HNWP 169550 !, HNWP 169551 !); • Mongolia: 17 August 1979, Губанов 7845, ( MW 0179858 !, MW 0179859 !); 17 August 1979, Губанов 7830, ( MW 0179855 !, MW 0179856 !); 14 August 1979, Губанов 7704, ( MW 0179853 !, MW 0179854 !); 9 August 1979, Губанов 7610, ( MW 0179857 !, MW 0179863 !); • Russia, Altai & Sayany Mountains: 9 July 1984, Триль 4493, ( MW 0081495 !); 27 July 1983, Шауло 2019, ( MW 0081478 !); 17 July 1984, Сонникова 1535, ( MW 0081469 !); 18 June 1983, Сонникова 1532, ( MW 0081472 !); 1 August 1982, Сонникова 1529, ( MW 0081468 !); 8 August 1979, Ухина 1518, ( MW 0081474 !); 25 June 1978, Ухина 1515, ( MW 0081471 !); 13 June 1988, Шауло 30, ( MW 0081475 !, MW 0081494 !); • Russian Far East: 16 August 1990, Штрик 90-569, ( MW 0081357 !, MW 0081364 !); 23 August 1990, Штрик 90-449, ( MW 0081358 !, MW 0081372 !); 8 August 1990, Борисов 90-189, ( MW 0081369 !); 28 July 1988, Кемниц 88-238, ( MW 0081367 !); 25 July 1998, Кемниц 88-222, ( MW 0081366 !); • Central Siberia: 23 July 1977, Куваев 85, ( MW 0081457 !) • Baikal & Transbaikal region: 9, August 1929, Назаров 12.819, ( MW 0081409 !); 7 July 1929, Назаров 12.118, ( MW 0081404 !) • Kazakhstan, Western Altai Mountains: 27, August, 1932, Воронов 720, ( MW 0081463 !); 18 July 1930, Смирнов 173, ( MW 0081461 !, MW 0081462 !) .